An electric car battery is usually made of materials called electrolytic cells, a technology used in a wide range of applications that require the storage and provision of electrical energy. Li (lithium ion) li (Li Bo).
Lithium-ion batteries usually consist of the following elements:
Anode (anode):
The anode is a component of a lithium-ion battery and is the terminal that supplies electrons during the discharge process. In lithium-ion batteries, the anode is usually made of carbon or graphite compounds. When the charging process of the battery is carried out, an electric voltage is applied to the anode, which releases lithium from the anode material. Lithium moves towards the cathode during this process, and is stored in the cathode where energy is stored.
When the battery is turned on and energy is supplied to power the device or machine, the opposite happens, since the battery is discharged and lithium is released from the cathode and goes to the anode. During this process, an electric current is generated that can be used to power the device or machine connected to the battery.
In general, the anode in lithium-ion batteries plays an important role in the process of storing and saving electrical energy, carrying lithium during the charging process and excreting it during the discharge process.
Cathode :
The cathode is the other essential component in a lithium-ion battery, the terminal that receives electrons during the discharge process. In lithium-ion batteries, the cathode is usually made of lithium-containing materials such as cobalt, nickel and manganese oxides.
When the battery is charged, an electric voltage is applied to the cathode, which leads to the release of lithium ions from the material used at the cathode. These ions are absorbed by the anode and are stored in it during the charging process.
When the battery is turned on and is connected to a device or machine, the discharge process occurs. During this process, lithium is released from the cathode and moves towards the anode through the electrolyte solution, and an electric current is generated that can be used to power the device or machine connected to the battery.
In general, the cathode in lithium-ion batteries plays a vital role in the process of storing and providing electrical energy, as it contains lithium, which reacts with the anode to form an electrical circuit and generate electric current.
Electrolyte (electrolyte):
Electrolyte is an important part in lithium-ion batteries and is the substance that acts as an intermediate for the transfer of ions between the anode and cathode during the charging and discharging process. The electrolyte solution allows lithium ions to flow freely inside the battery, which makes it possible to configure the electrical circuit and generate electric current.
In lithium-ion batteries, the electrolyte solution is usually made from organic solvents containing lithium salts. These solvents allow lithium ions to move easily between the anode and the cathode when an electric voltage is applied.
The function of the electrolyte solution is represented by:
- Facilitate ion transport: the electrolyte solution allows lithium ions to move freely between the anode and cathode during the charging and discharging process.
- Providing a means for electrochemistry: the electrolyte reacts with the materials at the anode and cathode to enable the flow of ions and the release of electrons, creating the electrical difference necessary to generate electric current.
- Short circuit prevention: the electrolyte solution helps prevent short circuits from occurring inside the battery by separating the anode and cathode and preventing electrical contact.
In general, the electrolyte plays a crucial role in the process of operation and performance of lithium-ion batteries, as it allows storing and saving electrical energy and generating it when needed.
Separator (separator):
The separating membrane serves to prevent direct contact between the anode and the cathode, which prevents short circuits and short circuits from occurring inside the battery, thereby maintaining the integrity of the battery and improving its performance and service life.
The characteristics of the separating membrane include:
- Electrical separation: the separating membrane prevents electrical contact between the anode and cathode, which protects the battery from interference of electrical circuits and maintains the stability of its operation.
- Ion transfer: the separating membrane allows the transfer of ions between the anode and the cathode during the charging and discharging process, which helps in the formation of the electrical circuit and the generation of electric current.
- Fluid absorption: the separating membrane absorbs the fluids inside the battery, which helps prevent unwanted movement of fluids inside the cells and improves the stability of the battery.
- Heat resistance:the separating membrane can resist the high temperatures that arise during the charging and discharging process, which helps protect the battery and prevent damage.
In general, the separating membrane plays a crucial role in the process of operation and performance of lithium-ion batteries, as it maintains their integrity, ensures the stability of charging and discharging processes and improves battery life.